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The term for a configuration file that specifies the attributes of an app or process on a Mac is a Property List.

Property Lists, commonly referred to as plist files, are a structured way to represent data in macOS and iOS applications. They are used extensively by applications to store user preferences, settings, and configurations in a way that is readable to both the system and developers. These files can be in XML format or binary format, and they allow for a hierarchical structure accommodating various data types such as strings, numbers, dates, arrays, and dictionaries.

This structure and functionality are essential for macOS development since it enables applications to retrieve and manage configuration settings efficiently. By contrast, the other options do not specifically fit this definition in the context of macOS applications. A Configuration File is a more generic term that can apply to many systems, a Data Dictionary typically refers to a data structure used in databases and programming to define the organization of data, and an Application Manifest holds various types of metadata for an application but is not mainly focused on app attributes in the same way a Property List is.