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The personal recovery key serves a crucial function in the context of FileVault, specifically when it comes to securing access to the macOS operating system. When FileVault is enabled, it encrypts the entire startup disk to protect sensitive data. The recovery key is an additional layer of security that allows users to regain access to their data if they forget their password or if there is an issue that prevents normal access.

In scenarios where the user cannot provide the correct login credentials, the recovery key can be used to unlock the encrypted disk and start the macOS environment securely. This mechanism ensures that even if passwords are forgotten, data remains accessible as long as the recovery key is safely stored and retrievable.

While other options may seem relevant, they do not accurately reflect the primary responsibility of the personal recovery key. It does not unlock individual applications, encrypt files specifically (as encryption is handled by FileVault itself), or serve as a means to reset user passwords. The central role of the recovery key is securing the startup process of macOS under the protection of FileVault.