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The distinction between backup and synchronization revolves around the scope and objective of each process. A backup encompasses a comprehensive copy of data from a device, including not just individual files, but also system settings, app configurations, and other critical information that allows for full restoration in case of data loss or device failure. This ensures that users can restore their devices to a previous state, making it a crucial safety measure.

In contrast, synchronization primarily focuses on keeping specific files—like documents, photos, and contacts—up-to-date across multiple devices or platforms. It updates only those files that have changed rather than duplicating the entire system state. The sync operation does not capture system preferences or app settings, which is a key element that differentiates it from backing up.

This understanding of the comprehensive nature of backups and the targeted approach of sync clarifies the operational differences and functionalities of each process in managing data on Apple devices.